Sunday, February 13, 2011

Josh's revised blog entry

Head Start is a federally funded program that dates back to the 1960's. Wikipedia states that this organization was formed and implicated by President Lyndon B. Johnson as a part of his "War on Poverty" plan. During which time it was designed to be a program that helped bridge the gaps between years in school. Children would attend a Head Start program to help prepare them for the new school year, or help children to catch up on education they should know before starting school. This program has now become a saving grace for those who have a low income budget and may not be able to afford school otherwise. There was now a place where children from all over the world could learn and grow, where normally they wouldn't have the opportunity. This is how Head Start has saved children.

Promising Practices Network has said, "The mission of the Head Start program is to promote school readiness by enhancing the social and cognitive development of children through the provision of educational, health, nutritional, social and other services to enrolled children and families". How are these programs being implemented? I find that most schools around the world try to better children's lives by giving them these things, so why Head Start? Why does Head Start claim to be a great place for your children?

A study has been conducted by congress to find the effectiveness of Head Start. Wikipedia tells us that this study consisted of a target population of 5000 3 to 4 year old children. The study began in 2002 where these selected children were implemented into the Head Start program or other parent-selected community programs for one year. With the children being dispersed to various programs, including Head Start, we were able to see how effective the Head Start program really was. We are told by Wikipedia that of the control group, 60% were placed in school programs other than head Start. Further more, we have concluded that those children who were implemented into the Head Start program began to have an advantage over those who were in other programs. These results were released in 2005 by the Health and Human Services and conclude that Head Start truly lives up to its name. Even with this study, is it accurate? I wonder what it must have been like to be a child in Head Start when it first started?

As I was pondering about children and their education, I reflected on my past years in school. I look to this program and its benefits for a possible idea for my future children. I first turned to the "all knowing" Wikipedia site on the internet to find further insight on what exactly Head Start is. I didn't know that this program had been around as long as it had.

After finding more information about Head Start, I have just a few questions. I wonder how many students there are now compared to when this program started in the 60's. I am also curious to find out what educational methods have changed since it was first implemented. I also wonder what teaching methods have changed and what new methods have been introduced since the 60's.

Riley's Unit One Project

Research essays are like the bad apples of educational writing. They seem to instill a fear of writing in students that follows them throughout their entire life. Over the years I have come to love essays, but for some reason when the word research pops up my stomach begin churning. Someone could probably write an entire book as to why students hate research essays, but the reasons are different for everyone. For most of us I think it’s the thought of spending hours and hours behind the computer monitor surrounded by books, and dyeing of a monster head ache. It’s the thought of deadlines, MLA, APA, and citations galore. I’ve recently come to realize though that it doesn’t have to be that way. Yes, it takes a lot of time but there is also something to be gained from the process. Essays aren’t about recording facts like they teach you in high school. Essays are about discovering new things and making sense of them.
Research history
I grew up having to do the yearly writing assessment every other year. They gave you a topic, a black or blue pen, and an hour on the clock. Everything was to be spelled perfectly. Your handwriting had to be perfect, and you’re writing itself had to be well rehearsed and smooth. To this day the whole idea seems absolutely ridiculous. I failed over and over again. Half the time I just froze up unable to write even a paragraph. I grew up fearing essays for that very reason.
For most students in my high school, essays were not a common assignment until you hit your senior year. I unlike most students had the opportunity of being in the creative writing class a year early. This gave me the opportunity to become better acquainted with the “art” of essays. In this class I began to appreciate essays in a way I never thought I would. It was the first, and frankly the only class in high school in which the goal was not only to record facts, but to analyze them, and work to better understand them. I loved this idea and took it with me my senior year. Other teachers marked me down time after time because my essays were not formal enough. They didn’t have a solid enough conclusion. The point wasn’t to ask questions it was to state facts. That is when research essays became my enemy so to speak. I still loved essays but hated formal ones.
Current view
Once I entered college, ironically, all my teachers wanted us to ask questions, to analyze, and dissect. I was a little shocked, especially when I turned in a paper to my English 101 class that would have been a C paper in high school and got an A. The same thing happened over and over. Not only in English, but in history and philosophy as well. Slowly my view is beginning to change. I am finding that I can get involved in my papers now. I love using my papers to get out in the community and interview people, to get an understanding of other ways of life. I am a person who loves to ask questions. Service learning has created a great opportunity for me to go crazy with this. Not only will I be able to interview people, but I will be able to interact with them on a weekly basis.
Blogging
The blog has been an interesting experience. It can be a little scary at times knowing that people will be looking at my writing and analyzing every word. I can’t help worrying that they will think I mean something different than what I do. I have tried hard to keep a neutral stance because of this. I am finding that with a neutral stance I am also able to look at things with a more critical eye. I can look at ideas that I am confused about and work to understand them better or find out how they can be improved. I liked how in Joseph Harris’s essay “Forwarding and countering” he gives tips on how to be critical of someone without being offensive, or mean. I agree that that is important and at the same time very difficult. I loved how he described it as filling in the holes rather than pointing out the weaknesses. I have taken this to heart and worked hard to achieve that.
Extended Bibliography entries
The extended bibliographies have been a huge help. By writing them I was better able to think through the research I found. I realized that I had to look at each article closer, and by doing could delve deeper into the meaning than I would have by just reading it. I think this is going to be a saving grace when it comes to writing the final work. It will create more depth and understanding in my paper. I am still really interested in the effectiveness of Head Start. The Health and Human services survey although dry reading was interesting. It raises a lot of questions that I would like answered the most interesting of which I mentioned in my first bibliography entry. (“how the success rate today compares to that 7 years ago, and how my opinion based on my personal experience will differ from that of the study.”) I am afraid though that I am focusing too much on surveys and that by following surveys alone, not only will my topic be too narrow, but also that I will miss the whole point of the Head Start program. I am really eager to incorporate my own experience in with the studies. I would also love to get some stories from those who have been involved with the program.
Class Comments
The class comments have been great. I love it when people tear apart my work and give feedback. It helps me to look at my work in a different light and improve it. There is always room for improvement, even on a final draft. So I am really happy that I am getting such good comments and suggestions. In my second bibliography Amanda suggested that I include some of the results of the study. I hadn’t even thought about that and realized that it would add a lot to my entry and research. She also mentioned that I was researching my research and was talking more than my source. That is a great point. In reading it back I realized that I could, and should, spend a bit more time explaining the study itself. Professor Branstad also mentioned that I should focus my topic a little more. I absolutely agree with that. It is something that I have been struggling with. I am hoping that actually getting involved in the agency will help focus my questions a little more.
As for commenting on others posts; I found that helpful as well. I am often afraid of being too critical though. I love giving feedback, but can sometimes be too tough on a piece of work. I am really critical of my own writing, so when I move to someone else’s piece I want to give suggestions for improvement on everything and sometimes have to reign myself in. I am a strong believer that there is always room for improvement. I also noticed that when I was commenting on others entries that I myself was making similar mistakes. I was able to take that to my own writing and improve it.
Citations
Citations have always been a struggle for me. There are so many rules to learn. Coming into this class I had quite a bit of experience working with MLA, but I still find myself confused. With my last bibliography entry I was really struggling with having multiple authors on a web source. Even with the MLA handbook and OWL at Purdue I always seem to end up at the information desk in the library asking for help. I am glad to have all the resources though. It is a lot easier with so much help at hand. Citations drive me crazy. Why there are so many rules is beyond me. Hopefully these class with help me to become more citation savvy.
Conclusion
I am truly beginning to gain a greater respect for research and essays. There will always be work involved but no one says you can’t enjoy it. There are so many questions to be asked and problems to be solved. I used to think that at my age it was pointless because I was too young to be credible. I thought it didn’t matter what I wrote, no one would hear me. I realize now that is not true. You have to make yourself heard. You have to take the chance and get your voice out there. Even if no one sees it or no one cares, you were still able interact with amazing people, and better understand a whole different way of life. There is a lot to be gained from writing, which is why I love it so much. It not only influences others but it influences you as well.

Josh's Reflective Essay

“The heart is the best reflective thinker.” Walter Phillips, an eighteenth century author, wrote. I feel that many people have a hard time altering their writing styles to construct a reflective essay. I, myself, have a hard time reviewing and reflecting instead of just spiting out facts. Being in civil engineering, I spend more time thinking about the facts than I do reflecting on what I have achieved. Helmut Jahn, a German-American architect and inspiration of mine, has said,Most architects say: 'I want to use this type of glass, even if it's too reflective or doesn't let enough light in.' However, the use of a certain type of glass might change the comfort level.” English, like glass, has many different styles to choose from, even if we only stay with one type. Even though most english writings we write or read today are centered around research and theories, I have come to realize that reflective essays are more like personal, yet still professional, journal entries. While this style of writing is more of a compilation of thoughts, feelings, and memories; it can also be a great way to review one's personal achievements. Even in the short time that I've been in this college english class, I can reflect on my knowledge and writing style when I first stepped foot into this class, to now.

When I first started writing blogs for this class, I was very optimistic and even gullible to the point that all I was doing was spitting out facts onto paper. I never thought that maybe the information I was receiving might have been bias or even incorrect. My first blog was very obvious of this; I was just writing the facts and letting them talk. After reviewing my blog entry, Riley hit the nail on the head when she said, “...it would also be good to add your own voice throughout the Bibliography entry instead of just at the end. This way it is more personal and gives us a better idea of how you personally interpreted the source.” When I read this, it hit me that I should become a little more passionate about my writings instead of trying to impress others with the amount of facts I can provide. I've found that speaking my mind and being myself in my writings is far more essential to me than using bigger words to try to impress and build myself up. I don't think that I would be wrong in saying that writing english is different than speaking english, and even speaking english can be different depending on where you are. When I lived in Calgary, Canada a few years back, I found it hard to follow some people's conversations. True that they spoke english, but throw a few words that only imply to that geographic area and you can end up with a headache. When they say chesterfield, you are supposed to think couch; similarly when they say toque, you are to think beanie or hat. Remembering these difficulties I've had in Canada has helped to improve my writing style from a gullible sense to a more questioning style.

Along the same lines as putting my own voice in my writings, I also had to start thinking outside the perimeters of my own box. Even though I might have fixed my problem of balancing facts and opinions, I was only writing/thinking from my own perspective instead of from those whom I am writing about. My writings made me look like I was a member of Head Start and had their bias opinions. Actually, one of the comments that Riley sent me about my first blog was that it looked like “...at one point [I] started writing like [I was] one of the people doing the study. [I should] try to step back and look at it from an outsider point of view.” I have to say that putting myself in others shoes has been quite difficult. I think back to all the other english classes that I've taken and remember that most, if not all, of my papers were all facts. Looking back again at my first blog and some of my previous classes writings, I very rarely incorporated my own thoughts and outside perspective into the paper. One of the paragraphs in my first blog reads, ”A study has been conducted by congress to find the effectiveness of Head Start. Wikipedia tells us that this study consisted of a target population of 5000 3 to 4 year old children. The study began in 2002 where these selected children were implemented into the Head Start program or other parent-selected community programs for one year. With the children being dispersed to various programs, including Head Start, we were able to see how effective the Head Start program really was. We are told by Wikipedia that of the control group, 60% were placed in school programs other than head Start. Further more, we have concluded that those children who were implemented into the Head Start program began to have an advantage over those who were in other programs.” Did you once hear my voice or opinion in there? Me either. I thought about this a lot and the questions, “what would it be like if I was a head start child? What if I had the background some of these children had?” To me, these questions have helped to further my research and generate new topics for me to look into. Still, even thinking about how life would be like in someone else shoes, I find, however, that writing from an outside perspective really has helped my understanding of research and the importance of asking questions.

Even though my knowledge of writing has improved a lot in the short time I have been in this class, I have had the hardest time asking questions and being a little more skeptic of my sources. What I've learned most from this class, thus far, is that writing something interesting cannot be achieved unless you make it come to life. By this I mean that you should make the reader think about what they are reading instead of having them just skim it and never pick it up again. I have come to stand strongly by the belief that asking questions is the best way find more and more answers that you or your reader might have. I ran into this problem a lot with my writings. On one of the blogs I had done, I wrote, “This program has now become a saving grace for those who have a low income budget and may not be able to afford school otherwise.” I never explained or questioned why it was a “saving grace” for children. In my later blogs, I went back and touched on why I thought this. If I had simply just took the time to stop and ask myself, “why?” I could have made that particular blog more appealing to the reader. To me, as I write, I have found that I need to be more skeptical. I need to test the waters and question the sources that I find. I need to continue to find new research and not be complacent with what I've already found. Looking back, I've begun to do just that. It takes a lot more time and energy than it used to to write a paper, but I can already see that my writing has improved.

I would have to say that the one thing that has improved the most has definitely been the way I research. I used to find just a couple of sources and just stick with those ones. As I have been asking more questions and looking from an outside perspective, I have needed to find additional sources. My original sources weren't providing me with all the information I required to adequately write a good paper. Similarly, I have found that the original two of three sources I would normally stick with were all saying the same thing, just regurgitated differently. I've also found that as I have been writing for a more broader audience, my writing style has changed to fit their needs. I'm not writing these blogs and papers for a board of directors, I'm writing to help educate not only myself, but those around me. I believe that writing has actually become much easier to do. I find that I'm not running out of topics, per say, but more space. In researching information about Head Start, for example, I started with Wikipedia on the internet. The internet is a fast and reliable tool yes, but it can only give us so much, unless you want to pay loads of money to read books online. Then after I found all the information I could from different websites, I needed to go to the library to find answers to additional questions I had formulated along the way. I soon found books that answered the major questions I had had about Head Start. This in turn made it very easy to write about. I have found though that the more information I gather, the more questions I form. From this I have from yet another question, “when will I find an end?” I have actually thought about an answer to that. I don't believe that you could ever stop researching one topic. This, to me, has been something I have greatly appreciated taking away from this english class; you can research and research and never find all the answers. I think that makes life even more rewarding though; that we can always find new information about any given topic at any time.

For me, this is what I've been reflecting on about this class. It's been a true eye opener, not just to how I'm going to continue to write, but also about how I should go about life. I think that asking questions, putting yourself in others shoes, and researching are a part of life itself. Gandhi said it perfectly about life, much less writing, when he said, The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world’s problem.”

Riley's Revised Bibliography Entry

Health and Human Services, “Improving Head Start." HHS.gov. n.p., n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2011.

Puma, Michael, Stephen Bell, Ronna Cook, and Camilla Heid. “Head Start Impact Study Final Report.” 2010. PDF file.

I became curious in my last post as to whether or not Health and Human services had conducted a more recent survey. So I went on to the Health and Human Services web site and found an entire section devoted to Head Start. I also found that most everything that had to do with the survey had not been updated since 2003. I was unable to access many of the pages because they were out of date and no longer existed at their previous URL. The one link that was active was to the presidential web site where President Obama briefly talks about the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act gave an additional 1 billion dollars to Head Start and 1.1 billion to Early Head Start in 2009. That is three years after Heath and Human services most recent study. They had to have updated the site at one point if there was a link from 2009. I Googled it and found a whole new section of their website that had final reports from 2010. Here I found a ton of information.
The study done by Health and Human services was actually a mandate from congress in 1998 to “determine on a national level the impact of Head Start on the children it serves” (9). This study took 5,000 eligible kids between the ages of 3 and 4 years old and randomly assigned them to either Head Start or the control group. Those in the control group were not able to access the facilities offered by Head Start for the sake of the study, but still were involved in early childhood programs. They then began collecting data in 2002. They continued collecting the same data until 2006. This allowed them to follow students through the spring of their first grade year. The three and four year olds were studied separately incase their results varied.
The study had four different rating categories; cognitive development, social and emotional development, heath status and services, and parenting practices. They found that the benefits for the 4 year old group were mainly within the cognitive development category. They showed improvement in language and literacy especially. They also improved in health and dental care. For the 3 year old group they found that they improved in all four categories. I find this interesting but not surprising. The younger age group defiantly got more benefit from the program. Although this study may not be accurate as to the effectiveness of Head Start it certainly gives an insight into the effects of learning in different age groups.
I now realize why this study had not been updated and why it is considered to be so accurate. A lot of time and effort was put into this study, almost 8 years of it. They just barely released their final results in 2010. Unfortunately obvious changes have been made since 2006. The 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act is a great example of this. It is sad that it is so outdated. The statement final product itself is 35 pages long. This does not include solutions, suggestions, and the like. However it does allow us to see that early education has a stronger impact on younger students. I wonder what kind of impact it has on those who have been involved in Early Head Start as well. It would be great if there were a study on the effects of Head Start here in Idaho. If there is perhaps it will be more recent and include the Early Head Start program as well.

Monday, February 7, 2011

Alberto's Extended Bibliographies # 2

McClellan, Diane E., and Lilian G. Katz. "Assessing Young Children's Social Competence."Athealth.com. Athealth.com, 01 Feb 2010. Web. 7 Feb 2011.


This short article gives some information what a young social competence child looks like. It talks about how social skills can be extremely vital to a child's growth:
"Recent research (Hartup & Moore, 1990; Kinsey, 2000; Ladd & Profilet, 1996; McClellan & Kinsey, 1999; Parker & Asher, 1987; Rogoff, 1990) suggests that a child's long-term social and emotional adaptation, academic and cognitive development, and citizenship are enhanced by frequent opportunities to strengthen social competence during childhood.
Hartup (1992) notes that peer relationships in particular contribute a great deal to both social and cognitive development and to the effectiveness with which we function as adults. He states that "the single best childhood predictor of adult adaptation is not school grades, and not classroom behavior, but rather, the adequacy with which the child gets along with other children. Children who are generally disliked, who are aggressive and disruptive, who are unable to sustain close relationships with other children, and who cannot establish a place for themselves in the peer culture are seriously at risk" (Hartup, 1992, p. 1). The risks are many: poor mental health, dropping out of school, low achievement and other school difficulties, and poor employment history (Katz & McClellan, 1997). "
But mainly it gives a checklist of  attributes of socially component child.  Things such  as:
  • "[Child] is usually in a positive mood." 
  • "[Child] Is not excessively dependent on adults."
  • "[Child] Approaches others positively."


While analyzing this source I feel that the authors intent is to inform it's reader's of the importance  being socially competent at an early age.  I believe their audience is directed toward people who interested developmental growth, children's growth, parents, etc.  They give indicators what a socially competent child looks like and  they cite many different sources which makes their discussion  creditable.

Looking at the source,  I feel  like maybe things have changed since 2001   when this article was published.  But I do believe that having these social skills are extremely important. Interdependence  is extremely important in life, you have to rely on people. Having good social skills  helps strengthen this.

Overall I feel like this article is pretty straight-forward. I ask myself can a not-social young child be social later in their life?  People who have loners in life, is that because of a lack of social at a younger age?

Alberto's Extended Bibliographies # 3

Granberry, Michael. "Poverty in the Super Bowl's Shadow."
Dallasnews.com. Dallas Morning News, 04 Feb. 2011 Web. 06 Feb. 2011
Photo from the Tom Fox/The Dallas Morning News: 
Mother of four DeAunna Owens, who is homeless, applies some lip balm to her son Kyle, 7, as he and his brother Dante, 8, eat breakfast at Arlington Life Shelter, Friday, February 4, 201. People were able to hunker down as snow kept themn indoors at the shelter on Division St.



"Poverty vs. riches, a study in contrast" a quote from this news article. This article  discusses about the poverty issue in Arlington, Texas. Using the Super Bowl as a symbol of the rich world, those living in poverty only dream of attending: 
From where he sits, Renato Torres can see Cowboys Stadium, a gleaming white leviathan that he says symbolizes a world he can only dream about, though it's only a block away.
He looks longingly at the parking lot, which on Sunday will teem with people from Coors, Miller, Pepsi, Verizon and General Motors, whose executives and invited VIPs will gather in lavish tents. Torres calls them "people from the other world," one he would love to be a part of but isn't."
In Arlington, Texas though some city officials don't see homeless as a tremendous problem in their city. coming  from  a deputy city manger, Trey Yelverton: stated:
Homelessness is "not a tremendous problem" in Arlington...Authorities [have] conducted a homeless inventory that Yelverton said identified only 14 people in Arlington as "chronically homeless."




While analyzing this source, I feel that the author's rhetorical intent is to bring change to the status quo, raise awareness that Arlington does have a poverty issue. I think reason why this argument is being made at this time is because of the Super Bowl that was being hosted in Arlington, Texas.  Spending in Super Bowl can be excess and pointless whereas people living in poverty are trying to just to meet ends meet. But even though I agree with what the writer is trying to say, I feel because he is a journalist his creditability is questionable. 


Reflecting on this source, I mainly agree what the author is trying to say. But I question whether or not some of writer's claims are exaggerated greatly. I feel that poverty & homelessness is an serious issue no matter what size is and definitely needs to be acknowledged. I also feel that poverty like any social problem can never resolved as whole. There will always be someone in poverty, there will always be someone who is homeless. 


It makes ask myself, what current strides are organizations making to help people in poverty?  What things are being left out in this article? 



Sunday, February 6, 2011

Teachers Advocating for Play-Learning

Gary Eason. "Teachers Want Play-Based Learning." news.bbc.co.uk. April 17, 2006. web. 2/6/11.

Teachers in England want play to become part of their curriculum. Research has proven children learn more during play. Teachers are concerned that children are missing important lessons learned during play. The government in England acknowledges that play is important for children. It seems to me that the government knows that play-based learning will help, but blocks every effort to improve learning.

Teachers are becoming activists for the childrens' right to play. They complained that the government insists that children at the age of five must have a more formal education. Also on their list of complaints are playing fields are being sold off, overcrowded classrooms, no after school activities, fewer times to play during school time. And no time for teachers to play because of their responsibilities.

There has been more evidence gathered that lack of play will cause harm to children's health and well being. With today's children becoming overwhelmed by traditional school, I believe that it would cause harm to the children. Also, the teachers were alarmed to learn that the government plans to reduce the number of qualified teachers in nursery schools. The government states that it follows the guidelines. It seems to me the government is unbending and there isn't enough input regarding to government's reasons behind its decisions.